The discovery of microorganisms dates back to the 17th century by two members of the Royal Society, one being the Father of microorganisms Antoni van Leeuwenhoek. The most common ones among the huge lot are bacteria, viruses, fungi, Archaea, etc. One of the first life forms on Earth, Bacteria, which is a few micrometers long, is a type of biological cell consisting of prokaryotic microorganisms. Anti-bacterial testing refers to the process of observing the degree of resistance created by an anti-bacterium against bacteria. Prontosil was the first anti-bacteria to be discovered. Anti-bacterial testing reveals the level of effectiveness an antibacterial drug can achieve against a certain bacteria. The main concept of anti-bacteria is to make the environment too bad for the bad bacteria to survive.
About ISO 22196 or (JIS) Z 2801:- The iso 22196 jis z 2801 is the standard established which specifies the procedure of testing the surface of plastic, non-porous and intermediate product to inhibit the growth of bacteria. The (JIS) Z2801 is a test that inhibits the growth of microorganisms and has a lot of real-world applications ranging from clinics and hospitals to laboratories. It has become the standard test in the industry for antimicrobial tests on hard surfaces like plastic, ceramics etc. it tests how far the hard surfaces can inhibit the growth of the microorganisms in a 24 hour contact period. The (JIS) Z 2801 test has also achieved international accredits and is referred to as the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) procedure, iso 22196 jis z 2801. Procedure for conducting the test:- There are various available methods for effectively conducting the test like absorption, evaluation, bacterial suspension, Colony plate count, and Adenosine Triphosphate Luminescence methods. But the general testing procedure is as follows:- In the first step, the preparation of microorganisms in a liquid-cultured medium takes place with the growth of two bacteria Escherichia Coli and Staphylococcus Aureus. In the next step, the sterilization takes place with the concentration including 70% Ethanol. In the third step, Inoculation takes place, in which the microorganisms are introduced to the control and the testing surfaces. Then, after encouraging spreading, preventing evaporation, and getting accurate test results, the inoculum is covered with a sterile film. After determining the microbial concentration, it is ensured that this (JIS) Z 2801 method effectively neutralizes the anti-bacteria agent at the surface to be tested. It is then placed in a humid environment and left undisturbed to incubate after completing the other procedures. Then at the end, the microbial concentrations are determined once again and compared with the previous determination to evaluate the reduction of the microorganism. Then, the plate counting is done. Plus points of the test:- In the ISO 22196 method, the most striking feature is if the inoculum is not spilt beyond the test surface, then the results can be produced again and again without making any changes in the constitution. After completing the task, it shows a pass or fails criteria that remove the chances of discretion. It works for both bacteriostatic (inhibiting growth) and bactericidal (bacteria-killing) properties. Conclusion:- The (JIS) Z 2801 is the procedure that comes with drawbacks like it might not show the actual bacterial concentration. Still, there are various solutions via which accurate results can be obtained. Thus, the ISO 22196 is an excellent and effective method used globally, from clinics to labs. Also, Read - A closer view to the microbial reaction of Plastics
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